Data Privacy and Security in AI
Expert-defined terms from the Advanced Certificate in AI in Regulatory Affairs course at LearnUNI. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
Data Privacy and Security in AI Glossary #
Data Privacy and Security in AI Glossary
1 #
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especia… #
These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction.
2 #
Data Privacy
Data privacy refers to the protection of personal information and data from unau… #
It involves the proper handling of sensitive data to ensure confidentiality and prevent misuse.
3 #
Data Security
Data security involves the protection of data from unauthorized access, use, dis… #
It aims to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
4 #
Consent Management
Consent management refers to the process of obtaining, storing, and managing use… #
It is crucial for ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations such as the GDPR.
5 #
Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized… #
It ensures data security by making it unreadable to anyone without the proper decryption key.
6 #
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
PII refers to any information that can be used to identify a specific individual #
This includes names, addresses, social security numbers, and other sensitive data that can be used for identity theft.
7 #
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
The GDPR is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all indivi… #
It aims to give control to individuals over their personal data and simplify the regulatory environment for international business.
8 #
Biometric Data
Biometric data refers to physical or behavioral characteristics that can be used… #
This includes fingerprints, facial recognition, iris scans, and voice patterns.
9 #
Data Breach
A data breach is the unauthorized access, disclosure, or acquisition of sensitiv… #
It poses a significant risk to data privacy and security, leading to potential harm to individuals and organizations.
10 #
Risk Assessment
Risk assessment involves identifying, analyzing, and evaluating potential risks… #
It helps organizations understand their vulnerabilities and develop strategies to mitigate threats.
11 #
Privacy by Design
Privacy by design is an approach to system engineering that takes privacy into a… #
It aims to embed privacy protections into the design of technologies, processes, and systems.
12 #
Data Retention
Data retention refers to the storage of data for a specific period based on lega… #
It involves defining policies for how long data should be retained and when it should be securely disposed of.
13 #
Privacy Policy
A privacy policy is a statement or legal document that explains how an organizat… #
It informs individuals about their rights and how their data is protected.
14 #
Data Governance
Data governance is a set of processes, policies, standards, and guidelines that… #
It involves defining roles and responsibilities for data management within an organization.
15 #
Accountability
Accountability refers to the responsibility of organizations to demonstrate comp… #
It involves implementing measures to protect data and being able to prove adherence to legal requirements.
16 #
Anonymization
Anonymization is the process of removing or modifying personal data to prevent i… #
It helps protect privacy by de-identifying data while maintaining its utility for analysis and research.
17 #
Data Minimization
Data minimization is the practice of limiting the collection and retention of pe… #
It helps reduce the risk of data breaches and privacy violations.
18 #
Consent Management Platform
A consent management platform is a tool or system used to manage user consent pr… #
It helps organizations track and document consent to ensure compliance with privacy regulations.
19 #
Data Subject Rights
Data subject rights are the rights granted to individuals regarding the processi… #
These rights include the right to access, rectify, erase, and restrict the processing of personal data.
20 #
Privacy Shield
Privacy Shield was a framework for transatlantic data transfers between the Euro… #
It was designed to ensure that personal data transferred outside the EU was adequately protected.
21. Two #
Factor Authentication (2FA)
Two #
factor authentication is a security process that requires users to provide two different authentication factors to verify their identity. This typically involves something the user knows (password) and something the user has (smartphone).
22 #
Data Masking
Data masking is a technique used to protect sensitive data by replacing real dat… #
It allows organizations to use realistic but anonymized data for testing and development purposes.
23 #
Consent Revocation
Consent revocation is the process of withdrawing previously given consent for th… #
Individuals have the right to revoke their consent at any time under data privacy regulations.
24 #
Data Portability
Data portability is the ability of individuals to obtain and reuse their persona… #
It allows users to transfer their data from one platform to another easily.
25 #
Data Classification
Data classification is the process of categorizing data based on its sensitivity… #
It helps organizations identify and apply appropriate security controls to protect data according to its classification.
26 #
Data Localization
Data localization refers to laws or regulations that require data to be stored a… #
It is often imposed to protect data privacy and security or promote national interests.
27 #
Data Breach Notification
Data breach notification is the process of informing individuals and authorities… #
It helps affected parties take necessary steps to mitigate the impact of the breach.
28 #
Data Processing Agreement
A data processing agreement is a contract between a data controller and a data p… #
It ensures that both parties comply with data protection regulations and safeguard personal data.
29 #
Data Sovereignty
Data sovereignty refers to the concept that data is subject to the laws and regu… #
It raises concerns about who has jurisdiction over data and how it can be accessed or transferred.
30 #
Data Ethics
Data ethics involves considering the moral and ethical implications of data coll… #
It addresses issues such as privacy, consent, transparency, bias, and accountability in data-driven decision-making.
31 #
Data Security Incident Response Plan
A data security incident response plan outlines the steps an organization must t… #
It includes procedures for detection, containment, eradication, and recovery from the incident.
32 #
Data Subject Access Request (DSAR)
A data subject access request is a formal request from an individual to access t… #
Data controllers are required to respond to DSARs within a specified timeframe under data protection regulations.
33 #
Differential Privacy
Differential privacy is a privacy #
preserving data analysis technique that adds noise to query responses to protect individual data privacy. It allows for aggregate analysis while preventing the disclosure of individual data points.
34 #
Federated Learning
Federated learning is a machine learning approach that allows multiple parties t… #
It enables decentralized model training while preserving data privacy and security.
35 #
Homomorphic Encryption
Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that allows computations to be pe… #
It enables secure data processing while preserving data confidentiality.
36. Privacy #
Preserving Machine Learning
Privacy #
preserving machine learning refers to techniques that enable machine learning models to be trained on sensitive data without exposing the data itself. It ensures data privacy while allowing for model development.
37. Secure Multi #
Party Computation (MPC)
Secure multi #
party computation is a cryptographic technique that allows multiple parties to jointly compute a function over their private inputs without revealing them. It enables collaborative data analysis while protecting data privacy.
38. Privacy #
Enhancing Technologies (PETs)
Privacy #
enhancing technologies are tools and techniques designed to protect data privacy and enhance security. They include encryption, anonymization, data masking, and other methods to safeguard personal information.
39 #
Secure Enclave
A secure enclave is a hardware #
based security feature that provides a protected area within a processor for storing and processing sensitive data. It ensures data confidentiality and integrity against unauthorized access.
40 #
Secure Federated Learning
Secure federated learning is an extension of federated learning that incorporate… #
It enhances the confidentiality and integrity of model updates during collaborative training.
41. Zero #
Knowledge Proof
A zero #
knowledge proof is a cryptographic protocol that allows one party to prove to another party that a statement is true without revealing any additional information. It enables verification of data without exposing the underlying data itself.
42 #
Secure Data Sharing
Secure data sharing involves transferring data between parties in a way that pro… #
It ensures that sensitive information remains confidential and is only accessible to authorized users.
43. Privacy #
Preserving Data Analysis
Privacy #
preserving data analysis refers to techniques that enable analysis of sensitive data without compromising individual privacy. It allows for insights to be derived from data while protecting personal information.
44 #
Differential Privacy Mechanism
A differential privacy mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that introduces noi… #
It ensures privacy protection while enabling statistical analysis.
45 #
Secure Data Aggregation
Secure data aggregation is the process of combining and summarizing data from mu… #
It allows for analysis of aggregated data without exposing individual records.
46. Privacy #
Preserving Data Labeling
Privacy #
preserving data labeling involves annotating data with labels or tags while protecting the privacy of sensitive information. It allows for the training of machine learning models without revealing individual data points.
47 #
Data Security Compliance
Data security compliance refers to the adherence to laws, regulations, and stand… #
It involves implementing measures to protect data and demonstrate compliance with legal requirements.
48 #
Secure Data Transmission
Secure data transmission ensures that data is transferred between systems or net… #
It involves encryption, authentication, and other security measures to protect data in transit.
49. Privacy #
Preserving Data Collection
Privacy #
preserving data collection involves gathering data from individuals in a way that protects their privacy and confidentiality. It includes obtaining informed consent, anonymizing data, and minimizing the collection of sensitive information.
50 #
Secure Data Storage
Secure data storage involves safeguarding data while at rest to prevent unauthor… #
It includes encryption, access controls, backups, and other measures to protect data integrity and confidentiality.
51 #
Data Security Best Practices
Data security best practices are guidelines and recommendations for protecting d… #
They include measures such as encryption, access controls, regular audits, and employee training to enhance data security.
52 #
Secure Data Processing
Secure data processing involves handling data in a way that ensures confidential… #
It includes implementing security controls, monitoring data flows, and auditing processes to protect data during processing.
53. Privacy #
Preserving Data Sharing
Privacy #
preserving data sharing allows organizations to exchange data while protecting the privacy of individuals. It enables collaborative data analysis without revealing sensitive information or compromising data confidentiality.
54 #
Secure Data Disposal
Secure data disposal involves permanently removing data from storage devices to… #
It includes methods such as data wiping, degaussing, and physical destruction to ensure data is irretrievable.
55 #
Data Security Training
Data security training involves educating employees on best practices for protec… #
It helps raise awareness about data security risks and promotes a culture of security within organizations.
56 #
Secure Data Governance
Secure data governance is the establishment of policies, processes, and controls… #
It involves defining roles, responsibilities, and standards for data management.
57. Privacy #
Preserving Data Processing
Privacy #
preserving data processing involves analyzing data in a way that protects individual privacy and confidentiality. It allows for data insights to be derived while ensuring that sensitive information is not exposed.
58 #
Data Security Risk Assessment
A data security risk assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing, and ev… #
It helps organizations understand their vulnerabilities and prioritize actions to mitigate security risks.
59 #
Secure Data Sharing Platform
A secure data sharing platform is a system or tool that facilitates the exchange… #
It enables organizations to collaborate on data projects without compromising data confidentiality.
60. Privacy #
Preserving Data Storage
Privacy #
preserving data storage involves storing data